US Passport Photo Requirements 2024: The Ultimate Checklist

Why Do Passport Photos Get Rejected?

Every year, hundreds of thousands of passport applications are delayed specifically because of unacceptable photos. The U.S. Department of State has stringent biometric standards designed to work with facial recognition software at border crossings. Even a slight shadow, a tilted head, or incorrect sizing can trigger an automated rejection. Understanding the 2024 guidelines is essential before you submit your application.

The Basic Dimensions

The physical structure of your photo must be flawless. The overall dimension must be exactly 2 x 2 inches (51 x 51 mm). However, simply cutting a photo to 2x2 is not enough. The internal composition must follow the 'Head Size' rule: The distance from the bottom of your chin to the top of your head (including hair) must be between 1 inch and 1 3/8 inches. In percentages, your head must occupy between 50% and 69% of the total image height.

Background and Lighting

The background must be plain white or off-white. It cannot have any textures, patterns, or gradients. Shadows are the number two cause of rejection. This includes shadows on the background behind you, and shadows across your face (often caused by harsh overhead lighting or a camera flash). The lighting must be even and perfectly balanced.

Pose and Expression

You must face the camera directly with a neutral facial expression. A natural smile is acceptable, but your eyes must be fully open, and your mouth must be closed. You cannot tilt your head up, down, or to the side. Both edges of your face must be equally visible. This ensures the facial recognition algorithms can map the exact distance between your eyes, nose, and chin.

What Not to Wear

There are strict rules regarding attire:

Glasses are completely prohibited. Even if you wear glasses every day, you must remove them for your passport photo. No exceptions.
Uniforms are not allowed. You cannot wear clothing that looks like a uniform, including military, police, or flight attendant uniforms.
Camouflage is forbidden.
Hats or head coverings are not allowed unless you submit a signed statement verifying that the item is worn daily for religious purposes. Even then, the head covering cannot cast any shadows on your face, and your full hairline must remain visible.
Headphones or wireless earbuds must be removed.

Printing vs. Digital

If you are applying by mail, you must print the photo on photo-quality paper (matte or glossy). It cannot be printed on standard printer paper. If you are using the online renewal system, the digital file must be in JPEG format and perfectly cropped to 600x600 pixels. PhotoStudio provides both: a digital 600x600 file for online uploads, and a 4x6 inch printable sheet containing six 2x2 photos that you can print at any local pharmacy for pennies.